Kuwait

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Chain Migration Through the Social Network: Experience of Labour Migrants in Kuwait

Authors Nasra M. Shah, Indu Menon
Year 1999
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 28
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1 Journal Article

Recent amnesty programmes for irregular migrants in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia : some successes and failures

Authors Nasra M. SHAH
Description
Hardly any research is available on the patterns of irregular migration in the Gulf countries, home to about 23 million migrant workers and their families. The objective of this paper is to briefly document the volume and types of irregular migration in the region and to evaluate the response of irregular migrants to recent amnesty programmes in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for regularising their stay or facilitating their departure. Irregular migrants in Kuwait were defined as those overstaying their residence, visit, or other visa. In Saudi Arabia, they were defined as those overstaying their visa, working for someone other than their sponsor, or in an occupation that did not match their work permit. Of the 124,000 irregular migrants in Kuwait in 2011, only 37 percent departed or regularised their stay while the rest remained in the country illegally. Bangladeshis were the largest group among irregular migrants, followed by Egyptians and Indians. In Saudi Arabia in 2013, about one million irregular migrants availed the amnesty to depart while more than 4 million regularised their stay. The scale of regularisation was very large and is likely to have exerted major impact on the structure and functioning of the Saudi labour market. Some reasons for the low compliance with amnesty, especially in Kuwait, are discussed and suggestions are offered for increasing such compliance in future.
Year 2014
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2 Report

The demography of the Kuwaiti population of Kuwait

Authors Allan G. Hill
Year 1975
Journal Name Demography
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3 Journal Article

THE THEME OF ALIENATION IN THE ARABIC NOVEL: SAUD ALSANOUSI'S THE BAMBOO STALK

Authors Ivana R. Gligorijevic
Year 2022
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4 Journal Article

Asian Women Workers in Kuwait

Authors Nasra M. Shah, Sulayman S. Al-Qudsi, Makhdoom A. Shah
Year 1991
Journal Name International Migration Review
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5 Journal Article

Immigrant Labour in Kuwait.

Authors Sharon Stanton Russell, Abdulrasool Al-Moosa, Keith McLachlan
Year 1986
Journal Name International Migration Review
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6 Journal Article

The demographic and economic framework of migration in Kuwait

Authors Françoise DE BEL-AIR
Description
As of December 2012, 68 percent of residents in Kuwait were expatriates. Most come from Asia and especially from India (30 percent of all foreign residents). Three-quarters of expatriates are active. They account for 83 percent of the total active population and 93 percent of the private sector's workforce. Asians are mainly involved in the services and craft sectors, while Arabs more often fill managerial posts. Recent flows suggest a shift in recruitment policies towards upgrading the workforce's level of qualifications and occupations. Data also show the extent of forced migration from Kuwait: 400,000 Arabs, most of them of Palestinian origin, were forced to flee the country after the First Gulf War. Also, Kuwait's stateless residents (the Bidun) have been compelled to emigrate since 1985, while those still in the country are considered illegal residents.
Year 2013
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7 Report

Book Review: Immigrant Labour in Kuwait

Authors Sharon Stanton Russell
Year 1986
Journal Name International Migration Review
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8 Journal Article

The Kuwaiti manager: Work values and orientations

Authors AJ Ali, A Al-Kazemi
Year 2005
Journal Name Journal of Business Ethics
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9 Journal Article

Arab immigrants in the United States: how and why do returns to education vary by country of origin?

Authors Ashraf El-Araby Aly, James F. Ragan
Year 2009
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
Citations (WoS) 6
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10 Journal Article

Film and Visual Media in the Gulf Introduction

Authors Alia Yunis, Dale Hudson
Year 2021
Citations (WoS) 2
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11 Journal Article

Migrant Workers in the Arab Gulf: The Impact of Declining Oil Revenues

Authors J.S. Birks, I.J. Seccombe, C.A. Sinclair
Year 1986
Journal Name International Migration Review
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12 Journal Article

Patterns of desired fertility and contraceptive use in Kuwait

Authors NM Shah, MA Shah, Z Radovanovic
Year 1998
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES
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13 Journal Article

Marriage Partner Selection in Kuwait: An Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

Authors Mohammed Hajeeh, Saleh Lairi
Year 2009
Journal Name JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY
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14 Journal Article

The legal framework of the sponsorship systems of Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait : a comparative examination

Authors Maysa ZAHRA
Description
The sponsorship system of the Arab Gulf countries comprises rules and regulations that tie the residence of a migrant worker to his/her sponsor in the country. This paper offers an in-depth examination of the legal framework of the sponsorship system of three countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) - Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. The paper looks at different aspects of the system starting with the requirement for sponsorship and ending with the rules on absconding and repatriation.
Year 2014
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15 Report

Sudanese Migration to the New World: Socio‐economic Characteristics

Authors Rogaia M. Abusharaf
Year 1997
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 9
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16 Journal Article

The Relative Economic Progress of Male Foreign Workers in Kuwait

Authors Sulayman S. Al-Qudsi, Nasra M. Shah
Year 1991
Journal Name International Migration Review
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17 Journal Article

The legal framework of the sponsorship systems of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries : a comparative examination

Authors Maysa ZAHRA
Description
The sponsorship system of the Arab Gulf countries comprises rules and regulations that tie the residence of a migrant worker to his/her sponsor in the country. This paper offers an in-depth examination of the legal framework of the sponsorship system of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ヨ Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. It looks at different aspects of the system starting with the requirement for sponsorship and ending with the rules on absconding and repatriation.
Year 2015
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18 Report

Walls Built on Sand: Migration, Exclusion, and Society in Kuwait.

Authors Nasra M. Shah, Anh Nga Longva
Year 1998
Journal Name International Migration Review
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19 Journal Article

Relative Success of Male Workers in the Host Country, Kuwait: Does the Channel of Migration Matter?

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 2000
Journal Name International Migration Review
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20 Journal Article

Kuwait's Revised Labor Laws: Implications for National and Foreign Workers

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 2011
Journal Name Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
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21 Journal Article

Politics and Ideology in Migration Policy Formulation: The Case of Kuwait

Authors Sharon Stanton Russell
Year 1989
Journal Name International Migration Review
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22 Journal Article

Terrorism and the Foreigner

Authors Elspeth Guild, Anneliese Baldaccini
Year 2018
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23 Book

Coming Out of Employers' Homes:Migration, Domestic Work and Health Claims

Authors Sajida Zareen Ally
Year 2022
Journal Name MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Citations (WoS) 1
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24 Journal Article

Elites and Institutions in the Armenian Transnation

Authors Khachig Tölölyan
Year 2000
Journal Name Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
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25 Journal Article

Traffickers, Brokers, Employment Agents, and Social Networks: The Regulation of Intermediaries in the Migration of Ethiopian Domestic Workers to the Middle East

Authors Bina Fernandez
Year 2013
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 15
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26 Journal Article

ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES IN CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN KUWAIT - A CLINIC-BASED STUDY

Authors K ALGALLAF, H ALWAZZAN, H ALNAMASH, ...
Year 1995
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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27 Journal Article

Politics and Ideology in Migration Policy Formulation: The Case of Kuwait

Authors Sharon Stanton Russell
Year 1989
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 20
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28 Journal Article

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Self-Rated Morbidities Among South Asian Migrant Gas Station Workers in Kuwait

Authors Najla Al-ayyadhi, Saeed Akhtar
Year 2018
Journal Name Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
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29 Journal Article

Everyday conversions: Islam, domestic work, and South Asian migrant women in Kuwait

Authors Idil Akinci
Year 2018
Journal Name Ethnic and Racial Studies
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30 Journal Article

A new era for labour migration in the GCC?

Authors Philip Martin, Froilan T. Malit
Year 2017
Journal Name MIGRATION LETTERS
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31 Journal Article

Patterns of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among the public in Qatar and Kuwait

Authors Noora Lari, Noor Al-Thani
Year 2022
Journal Name Global Social Policy
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32 Journal Article

Predictors of non-urgent utilization of hospital emergency services in Kuwait

Authors NM Shah, MA Shah, J Behbehani
Year 1996
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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33 Journal Article

Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Middle East

Authors Omar M. Alkasasbeh, Abdalla Alassuli, Amro Alzghoul
Year 2023
Journal Name International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
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34 Journal Article

Skilful survivals : irregular migration to the Gulf

Authors Philippe FARGUES, Nasra M. SHAH
Year 2017
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35 Book

Pakistani Workers in the Middle East: Volume, Trends and Consequences

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 1983
Journal Name International Migration Review
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36 Journal Article

Terrorism and the integration of Muslim immigrants

Authors Ahmed Elsayed, Andries de Grip
Year 2017
Journal Name Journal of Population Economics
Citations (WoS) 1
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37 Journal Article

Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait

Authors Mirna Lattouf
Year 2019
Journal Name Hawwa
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38 Journal Article

Book Review: Walls Built on Sand: Migration, Exclusion, and Society in Kuwait

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 1998
Journal Name International Migration Review
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39 Journal Article

Children of the “Idea of Palestine”1: Negotiating Identity, Belonging and Home in the Palestinian Diaspora

Authors Victoria Mason
Year 2007
Journal Name Journal of Intercultural Studies
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40 Journal Article

Negotiating the Politics of Exclusion: Georges Candilis, Housing and the Kuwaiti Welfare State

Authors Asseel Al‐Ragam
Year 2017
Journal Name International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
Citations (WoS) 2
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41 Journal Article

Labor Camp Surveys in GCC Countries: Group Quarter Subsampling

Authors Kien T. Le, Stacy Pancratz, Abdoulaye Diop
Year 2019
Journal Name FIELD METHODS
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42 Journal Article

COVID‐19 and threats to irregular migrants in Kuwait and the Gulf

Authors Nasra M. Shah, Lubna Alkazi
Year 2022
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 6
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43 Journal Article

Science Education Impacts on Labor Market and University Expectations of Students by Citizenship Status in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Analysis Using TIMSS 2007 Data

Authors Alexander W. Wiseman, Naif H. Alromi, Saleh Alshumrani
Year 2013
Journal Name Citizenship, Social and Economics Education
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44 Journal Article

Asymmetric Information under the Kafala Sponsorship System: Impacts on Foreign Domestic Workers’ Income and Employment Status in the GCC Countries

Authors Froilan T. Malit, George Naufal
Year 2016
Journal Name International Migration
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45 Journal Article

Americans and Iraq, twelve years apart: Comparing support for the US wars in Iraq

Authors Dana M. Williams, Suzanne R. Slusser
Year 2014
Journal Name The Social Science Journal
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46 Journal Article

Death obsession in Palestinians

Authors AM Abdel-Khalek, NS Al-Arja, T Abdalla
Year 2006
Journal Name Death Studies
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47 Journal Article

Household Help? Ethiopian Women Domestic Workers' Labor Migration to the Gulf Countries

Authors Bina Fernandez
Year 2011
Journal Name Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
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48 Journal Article

Structural Changes in the Receiving Country and Future Labor Migration –The Case of Kuwait

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 1995
Journal Name International Migration Review
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49 Journal Article

The Impact of the Involuntary Mass ‘Return’ to Jordan in the Wake of the Gulf Crisis

Authors Nicholas Van Hear
Year 1995
Journal Name International Migration Review
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50 Journal Article

Book Reviews

Year 1986
Journal Name International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
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51 Journal Article

Structural Changes in the Receiving Country and Future Labor Migration- The Case of Kuwait

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 1995
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 6
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53 Journal Article

Relative Success of Male Workers in the Host Country, Kuwait: Does the Channel of Migration Matter?

Authors Nasra M. Shah
Year 2000
Journal Name International Migration Review
Citations (WoS) 13
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54 Journal Article

Protecting Filipino migrant workers in distress through social media platforms

Authors Jovito Jose P. Katigbak, Ma Divina Gracia Z. Roldan
Year 2021
Journal Name Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
Citations (WoS) 1
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55 Journal Article

Stateless in the Gulf: Migration, Nationality, and Society in Kuwait. By Claire Beaugrand

Authors Neha Vora
Year 2018
Journal Name Migration Studies
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56 Journal Article

Data discrepancies between the census and civil registration systems in Kuwait : reasons, implications and Solutions

Authors Nasra M. SHAH
Description
A comparison for 1995, 2005, and 2011 reveals large discrepancies in the two main sources of population data, the censuses and the civil registration system. Possible reasons and implications of the observed discrepancies are discussed, and suggestions are made for actions and policies that might help improve data quality. This analysis suggests that the numbers recorded by the Public Authority for Civil Information (PACI) are likely to be relatively more reliable and valid than the census. However, a conclusive statement about this requires additional objective analysis. A system of post-enumeration sample surveys may be established as a usual mechanism for checking the accuracy of census data. Also, special studies designed to ensure the accuracy of PACI data should be conducted periodically.
Year 2014
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57 Report

Some Salient Human Rights in the UN Convention on Migrant Workers

Authors L. Rao Penna
Year 1993
Journal Name Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
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58 Journal Article

Accounting for peoples' preferences in establishing new cities: A spatial model of population migration in Kuwait

Authors Nayef Alghais, David Pullar, Elin Charles-Edwards
Year 2018
Journal Name PLOS ONE
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59 Journal Article

The Intersection of Citizenship Status, STEM Education, and Expected Labor Market Participation in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Authors Alexander W. Wiseman, Faisal A. Abdelfattah, Ahmad Almassaad
Year 2016
Journal Name Digest of Middle East Studies
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60 Journal Article

Toward a sustainable growth path in Arab economies: an extension of classical growth model

Authors Amjad Taha, Mucahit Aydin, Taiwo Temitope Lasisi, ...
Year 2023
Citations (WoS) 10
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62 Journal Article

Social, Economic and Demographic Consequences of Migration on Kerala

Authors K.C. Zachariah, E.T. Mathew, S. Irudaya Rajan
Year 2001
Journal Name International Migration
Citations (WoS) 29
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63 Journal Article

The Intersection of Traditional and Modern Institutions in Gulf States: A contextual analysis of educational opportunities and outcomes in Iran and Kuwait

Authors ALEXANDER W WISEMAN, NAIF H ALROMI
Year 2003
Journal Name Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education
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64 Journal Article

The journey of Indonesian nurse migration: a scoping review

Authors Rifky Octavia Pradipta, Ferry Efendi, Abdullah Saleh Alruwaili, ...
Year 2023
Journal Name Healthcare in Low-resource Settings
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65 Journal Article

Creating an Alternative umma: Clerical Authority and Religio-political Mobilisation in Transnational Shii Islam

Description
This interdisciplinary project investigates the transformation of Shii Islam in the Middle East and Europe since the 1950s. The project examines the formation of modern Shii communal identities and the role Shii clerical authorities and their transnational networks have played in their religio-political mobilisation. The volatile situation post-Arab Spring, the rise of militant movements such as ISIS and the sectarianisation of geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East have intensified efforts to forge distinct Shii communal identities and to conceive Shii Muslims as part of an alternative umma (Islamic community). The project focusses on Iran, Iraq and significant but unexplored diasporic links to Syria, Kuwait and Britain. In response to the rise of modern nation-states in the Middle East, Shii clerical authorities resorted to a wide range of activities: (a) articulating intellectual responses to the ideologies underpinning modern Middle Eastern nation-states, (b) forming political parties and other platforms of socio-political activism and (c) using various forms of cultural production by systematising and promoting Shii ritual practices and utilising visual art, poetry and new media. The project yields a perspectival shift on the factors that led to Shii communal mobilisation by: - Analysing unacknowledged intellectual responses of Shii clerical authorities to the secular or sectarian ideologies of post-colonial nation-states and to the current sectarianisation of geopolitics in the Middle East. - Emphasising the central role of diasporic networks in the Middle East and Europe in mobilising Shii communities and in influencing discourses and agendas of clerical authorities based in Iraq and Iran. - Exploring new modes of cultural production in the form of a modern Shii aesthetics articulated in ritual practices, visual art, poetry and new media and thus creating a more holistic narrative on Shii religio-political mobilisation.
Year 2018
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66 Project

Citizenship in the Gulf states

Authors Martin Baldwin-Edwards
Year 2024
Book Title Encyclopedia of Citizenship Studies
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68 Book Chapter

Negotiated and Involuntary Return: COVID-19 Pandemic and Return Migration of Bangladeshi Temporary Labour Migrant Men

Authors Md. Mohaiminul Islam
Year 2023
Journal Name MIGRATION LETTERS
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73 Journal Article

The impact of the novel Coronavirus on migrant workers in the GCC countries

Authors Martin Baldwin-Edwards
Year 2022
Journal Name Studi Emigrazione
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74 Journal Article

MACIMIDE Global Expatriate Dual Citizenship Database

Description
The MACIMIDE Global Expatriate Dual Citizenship Dataset charts the rules that existed in near all states of the world since 1960 with regard to the loss or renunciation of citizenship after a citizen of a respective state voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another state. The central variable of the Dataset is the dualcit_cat variable. This is a categorical variable whose values may be used to interpret, in broad lines, the position of a country with regards to the expatriate dual citizenship. The dualcit_cat variable reflects what consequences the legislation and legal practice of a country attaches to the voluntary acquisition of a foreign citizenship. The value of this variable depends on a number of criteria, including whether a citizen of the reference country who voluntarily obtains a foreign citizenship automatically loses – in principle – the citizenship of the origin country, and whether a citizen of the reference country can renounce that citizenship. The value assigned to dualcit_cat reflects the position of the country on the 1st of January of the reference year. Any subsequent changes in legislation will be reflected in the dualcit_cat value of the following year and included in updated versions of the Dataset. The dualcit_binary variable is a recoding of the dualcit_cat variable. This variable can be used for broad comparisons of the dual citizenship positions around the world. The possible values reflect whether the legislation of a country, in a given reference year, provides for the automatic loss of the origin citizenship (1) or not (2). All data have been centrally collected and refer to specific provisions in national law.
Year 2018
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75 Data Set

World Population Policies Database

Description
Since the mid-1970s, the World Population Policies Database, last updated in 2015, provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on the population policy situation and trends for all Member States and non-member States of the United Nations. Among several areas, the database shows the evolution of government views and policies with respect to internal and international migration. The migration strand covers internal migration, immigration, emigration, and return. The Database is updated biennially by conducting a detailed country-by-country review of national plans and strategies, programme reports, legislative documents, official statements and various international, Inter-governmental and non-governmental sources, as well as by using official responses to the United Nations Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development.
Year 2015
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76 Data Set

Shin’s Immigration Policy index

Description
The Immigration Policy Index builds on and expands the dataset constructed by Peters (2015). It analyses the immigration policies of 29 countries from 1783 to 2013. The immigration policy index is a factor score based on 12 dimensions of immigration openness. Each dimension takes a score ranging from 1 to 5, with the latter indicating a more liberal policy stance toward immigrants. The final factor score covers a variety of immigration regulations and laws that seek to control immigration flows by screening potential immigrants
Year 2013
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77 Data Set

Labour immigration and labour markets in the GCC countries: national patterns and trends

Description
Using the latest statistical data from six GCC states and recent publications of the GCC Secretariat, a detailed profile is presented of immigration and employment across the region. Evaluation is made of the available data sources (listed in the appendix) and the actual extent of immigrant presence in both population and labour market is critically examined. Employment according to public/private sector, and also for fifteen economic sectors, is shown for each country (where available) by citizenship type and gender. Previously unpublished indicators, such as unemployment and participation rates, are calculated where possible by citizenship type, gender and age groups; a few countries provide data on actual nationalities or regional groupings of foreign employees, and these are reproduced here. Previously neglected issues that receive some attention are foreign births, family presence, foreign schoolchildren and duration of residence (the latter available only for the UAE). The emergence of the kafala system is examined in historical context; in particular, emphasis is placed on its role in promoting irregularities in the migration, residence and employment of foreigners across the GCC. Trends in government policies are described, including the recent and significant doubts in some countries about the ability of the kafala system to produce satisfactory outcomes. Some attention is paid to the important policies of nationalization’ of GCC labour markets: a conceptual categorization of such policies is made, according to five different policy objectives. Using both the broad and more detailed sectoral employment data previously presented, evaluation is then made of the degree of success of each country’s initiatives in this area. The paper concludes with an exposition of the commonalities and differences across the GCC in managing their labour markets and immigration. The structural specificities of each country are outlined, along with tentative prognoses of their future needs for immigrant workers.
Year 2011
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78 Report

Peters's indicators/index

Description
The author developed a set of indicators on immigration policies. Data covers 19 countries from the late 18th century through the early 21st century. This is one of the few datasets on immigration policy and is the only one to cover the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. Immigration policy is an amalgam of several policies, including policies that regulate who gains entry to the state (border regulations), what rights immigrants receive (immigrant rights) and how the border is enforced (enforcement). Within each of these three categories, states have used numerous policy substitutes, that can be sorted in 12 dimensions. Eight of the dimensions regulate entrance to the state, of which four, work prohibitions, family reunification, refugee and asylee policy, could also be considered rights; two cover immigrant rights and two cover enforcement. Each dimension was coded from 1 to 5, with greater restrictions taking lower values. To combine these different policies into a single measure, the author used principal components analysis. The analysis revealed that these dimensions created two different factors: immigration policy and rights of immigrants. The first factor, immigration policy, places more weight on nationality, skill, recruitment, quotas, enforcement and deportation policies than the second, rights of immigrants, which places more weight on family reunification, refugee, asylee, citizenship, rights and work prohibition policies.
Year 2010
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79 Data Set

UN Inquiry on population and development - International Migration

Description
The Inquiry gathers critically important data for monitoring the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and other international agreements, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Inquiry, mandated by the General Assembly in its resolution 1838 (XVII) of 18 December 1962, has been conducted by the Secretary-General at regular intervals since 1963. The Twelfth Inquiry consists of multiple-choice questions, organized in three thematic modules: Module I on population ageing and urbanization; Module II on fertility, family planning and reproductive health; and Module III on international migration. In 1994, Member States attending the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo agreed that “population-related goals and policies are integral parts of cultural, economic and social development” and recommended that actions be taken “to measure, assess, monitor and evaluate progress towards meeting the goals of its Programme of Action”. The year 2019 will mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Cairo conference and adoption of the ICPD Programme of Action, which continues to provide crucial guidance for addressing the fundamental development challenges facing the world today. Population issues are also at the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted in 2015. The United Nations Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development (the “Inquiry”) gathers critically important data for monitoring the implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action and other international agreements, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Inquiry, mandated by the General Assembly in its resolution 1838 (XVII) of 18 December 1962, has been conducted by the Secretary-General at regular intervals since 1963. The most recent Inquiry, the Eleventh, was implemented in 2014.
Year 2010
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80 Data Set

Migrant Rights Index

Description
The index addresses the legal rights (civil and political, economic, social, residency, and family reunion rights) granted to migrant workers admitted under labour immigration programs in high- and middle-income countries to admitting migrant workers. Labor immigration programs are defined as policies for regulating the number, skills, and rights of migrants who are admitted for the primary purpose of work. It includes 104 programmes in force for the year 2009. Migrant rights refer to the legal rights (defined here as the rights granted by national laws and policies) granted to migrant workers on admission under a particular labour immigration program. So the indicators measure rights “in laws and regulations” rather than “in practice”. The dataset includes all high-income countries with a population exceeding two million, and, to ensure broad geographic coverage, a selection of upper- and lower- middle-income countries. In total, the sample comprises 46 countries including 34 high-income countries.
Year 2009
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81 Data Set

Vikhrov's visa index

Description
The index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required. The author identifies country pairs which changed their visa regime during 1998–2010. This immigration policy index is constructed for all countries and territories in the world for both March 1998 and November 2009. This index is heterogeneous across destination and origin countries as well as over time.
Year 2009
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82 Data Set

Index of Citizenship Rights for Immigrants (ICRI)

Description
The Index addresses the factors shaping the granting of rights of individual equality and recognition of cultural differences by nation-states to immigrants. The index considers rights in the eight thematic fields of nationality acquisition, family reunification, expulsion, anti-discrimination, public-sector employment for non-nationals, political rights for non-nationals, cultural rights in education, as well as other cultural and religious rights. Theoretically, these rights for immigrants are classified according to two dimensions that partly cross-cut the eight thematic fields. The first dimension captures the inclusiveness of a country's understanding of citizenship. The second dimension shows how countries deal with cultural and religious diversity. The index is based on 44 policy indicators, 21 pertaining to the individual equality dimension and 23 to the cultural difference dimension. All indicators are coded on a scale running from -1 (most restrictive) to +1 (most inclusive), and the same, therefore, also holds for the averaged scores. The project is based on original data drawn from policy documents, legal texts, secondary literature, internet websites, and expert information. The qualitative information from these sources is transformed into ordinal codes, classifying policies as more or less restrictive in terms of the extent and accessibility of rights for immigrants. In the first phase of the project data have been gathered for ten North-Western European countries for four measurement years: 1980, 1990, 2002, and 2008. In a second phase, data was collected for four classical anglo-saxon settler countries as well as for additional Eastern and Southern European countries, Middle Eastern, East Asian, African and South American countries. As a result, data is now available for 29 countries for the year 2008.
Year 2008
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83 Data Set

Global Migration Barometer

Description
Western Union commissioned the Economist Intelligence Unit to compile a migration index that ranks 61 countries by how attractive and accessible they are for migrants (the Global Migration Barometer), with a separate assessment of their need for migrants. The Economist Intelligence Unit developed the methodology behind the index, collected the data and scored the countries, with input from Western Union and an independent panel of migration experts. The index has been produced for 61 developed and emerging markets using a standard analytical framework. The model used to generate the index employs indicators that reflect the standard of living and economic development of a country, legislative policy and attitudes towards migration, and demographics and social welfare commitments. Many of the 32 indicators used to generate the index are based on quantitative data and have been drawn from national and international statistical sources. The others are qualitative in nature and have been produced by the Economist Intelligence Unit. Each of the indicators has been adjusted and weighted to produce a score of 0 to 100, where 100 represents the highest attractiveness, accessibility or need for migrants.
Year 2007
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84 Data Set
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