Tunisia

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Tunisia and its diaspora : between protection and control

Authors Stéphanie POUESSEL
Year 2017
Book Title Emigration and Diaspora Policies in the Age of Mobility
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1 Book Chapter

Tunisian Question? in Franco-Italian Relations (1922-1928)

Authors Tatiana P. Nesterova
Year 2022
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2 Journal Article

CARIM – Migration Profile: Tunisia

Authors Anna DI BARTOLOMEO, Tamirace FAKHOURY, Delphine PERRIN
Year 2010
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3 Report

Report on Tunisian legal emigration to the EU modes of integration, policy, institutional frameworks and engagement of non-state actors

Authors Stéphanie POUESSEL
Description
Tunisia has a long history of emigration to the European Union. The Tunisian state has progressively created and implemented a migration policy to protect Tunisian citizens abroad and to tighten ties with the country. This report presents the current policy concerning emigration – strengthening migrant ties with Tunisia and fighting against illegal migration – and policies that concern the diaspora – measures encouraging investment in Tunisia, protection of social rights abroad, new integration of the diaspora within political and civil Tunisian society. To this end, the report provides an update on the political and civil rights of emigrants (voting, plural nationalities, military duty), socio-economic rights (agreements on labor migration, custom/import incentives), social rights (family, social security) and cultural rights (languages, school, media). The report also presents the engagement of non-state actors from abroad. The collapse of the revolution has permitted the country to redefine the political participation of Tunisians abroad and their integration in politics in Tunisia. The demands of Tunisians abroad for rights to participate in politics at high levels (the right to become representatives in the Assembly; the right for a Tunisian with dual-nationality citizenship to become President) were ratified on January 2014.
Year 2014
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5 Report

Relire le lien entre migration de retour et entrepreneuriat, à la lumière de l’exemple tunisien

Authors Jean-Pierre Cassarino
Year 2015
Journal Name Méditerranée
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6 Journal Article

Migrant support measures from and employment and skills perspective (MISMES) : Tunisia

Authors Iván MARTIN, Mohamed KRIAA, Mohamed Alaa DEMNATI
Description
This country case study aims to map the migrant support measures from an employment and skills perspective (MISMES) implemented in Tunisia. It also aims to extract from their analysis some elements for the assessment of their efficiency and their impact on migrant workers’ labour market outcomes and skills utilization. The report is based largely on desk research and on the responses received for the MISMES Questionnaire (ETF 2015b), complemented by a country mission to meet key institutions and practitioners (see Annexes 1 and 2). A MISMES case study with a more in-depth analysis of the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration Programme implemented with Swiss cooperation in Tunisia is included in Chapter 3.
Year 2015
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7 Report

Drivers and patterns of rural youth migration and its impact on food security and rural livelihoods in Tunisia

Authors Carolina Viviana ZUCCOTTI, Andrew GEDDES, Alessia BACCHI, ...
Description
The RuMiT (Rural Migration in Tunisia) research addresses the determinants of migration and mobility, the patterns and types of rural youth outmigration and the impact of rural youth migration on rural livelihoods and societies in origin regions in Tunisia. The research used a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods, providing comparative insights into: international and internal migrants and non-migrants; pre- and post-2011 migrants; households with and without migrants. Main results show that migrants from rural areas are increasingly highly educated and leaving to pursue their studies abroad. This particularly applies to women, who also register a decrease in marriage-related migration. Migration proves to be rewarding for both internal and international migrants, in terms of occupational and social security outcomes. In particular, migrant women have higher labour market participation and employment rates than non-migrants. As a direct consequence of an emigration which is still male dominated, households with migrants are increasingly feminized, i.e. with a higher share of women, who are more likely to be active compared with women in nonmigrant households. Migrant households were also found to have higher access to social security. While incomes from remittances tend not to be invested in productive activities, evidence shows that one internal migrant out of four and one international migrant out of three has an economic activity in the areas of origin, which in most of the cases is connected with agricultural or animal production. The Rural Migration in Tunisia (RuMiT) research project was undertaken in the framework of the FAO project “Youth mobility, food security and rural poverty reduction: Fostering rural diversification through enhanced youth employment and better mobility” (GCP/INT/240/ITA) – in brief, the Rural Youth Migration (RYM) project – implemented in Tunisia and Ethiopia between 2015 and 2017, and funded by the Italian Development Cooperation.
Year 2018
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9 Report

Revolution and international migration in Tunisia

Authors Hassan BOUBAKRI
Description
This report analyzes the evolution of the context for migration in Tunisia and in the region more generally before and since the revolution of 2011. The arrival of thousands of Tunisian migrants on the Italian island of Lampedusa in the days and weeks which ollowed the fall of the Ben Ali regime raised many questions. Not least there is the problem of what factors pushed so many young Tunisians to leave the country where they had fought for reforms. Why did they not celebrate the downfall of the dictatorship by staying to enjoy the freedoms and dignity, which had been so dearly acquired? Why did they not choose to live their dreams in Tunisia?
Year 2013
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11 Report

Deciphering the Relationship Between Internal Migration and Regional Disparities in Tunisia

Authors Mohamed Amara, Hatem Jemmali
Year 2018
Journal Name Social Indicators Research
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12 Journal Article

The Political Culture of the ‘Beurs’

Authors Rémy Leveau
Book Title Islam in Europe
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13 Book Chapter

Migrant Smuggling from Africa to Spain, Italy and Malta: A Comparative Overview

Authors Thanos Maroukis, Anna Triandafyllidou
Book Title Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and Africa to Europe
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15 Book Chapter

Joint Ownership in EU-Tunisia Relations

Authors Federica Zardo
Year 2020
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17 Book

State thought and social hierarchies between Italy and Tunisia. From history to identity

Authors Andrea Calabretta, Marianna Ragone
Journal Name REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana
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18 Journal Article

Investigation in first asylum country : Tunisia / Shousha Camp

Authors Wafa BABA
Description
As part of the KNOW RESET Project, this report looks at resettlement, from country of first asylum to the host countries, especially those in the EU. To do this, we performed an extensive literature search and a qualitative survey of the refugees from the Shousha camp, UNHCR and its partners in Tunisia. We conducted this study in Tunisia from 15 June to 15 October 2012, with refugees submitted for resettlement, as well as stakeholders in the Shousha camp, in Tunis and Zarzis. Given the complexity of the resettlement process, we have focused on the risks of non-compliance with refugees’ human rights and the possible consequences in terms of the ability of refugees to integrate into their host country. Also, we suggest solutions for better resettlement conditions.
Year 2013
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19 Report

New actors and new understandings in European Union external migration governance? : the case of EU-Tunisian migration relations

Authors Andrew GEDDES, Luca Lixi
Year 2018
Book Title EU external migration policies in an era of global mobilities : intersecting policy universes
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20 Book Chapter

Tunisia as a Revolutionized Space of Migration

Authors Glenda Garelli, Martina Tazzioli
Year 2017
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22 Book

Multiple identities in francophone writing of the Italians of Tunisia : the mission of the writer in the work of Cesare Luccio (1906-1980)

Authors Alessio Loreti
Year 2015
Journal Name INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRANCOPHONE STUDIES
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23 Journal Article

Nouvelles migrations, Mondialisation et co-développement en Tunisie

Principal investigator Swanie Potot (co-Principal Investigator), Hassan Boubakri (co-Principal Investigator)
Description
L’objectif du programme est de revenir sur le présupposé courant en Europe selon lequel les migrations intra-européennes s’inscriraient dans une circulation accrue à travers l’Europe tandis que les migrations dites encore ” post-coloniales “ seraient principalement bipolaires, reposant sur des liens historiques et inscrites dans le temps long. Partant du postulat selon lequel cette représentation est due à un biais temporel, nous proposons d’interroger la nature des migrations actuelles au départ du Maghreb, en particulier de la Tunisie, et leurs conséquences sur le tissu social dont elles sont issues. Ce phénomène est analysé dans le cadre des mutations sociales et politiques qui ordonnent et contraignent ces flux. Coté Nord, la création de l’espace Schengen incite les migrants à se positionner sur un marché de l’emploi plus vaste. Les parcours migratoires et les réseaux sociaux mobilisés sont en ce sens des objets de recherche privilégiés. Coté Sud, en Tunisie les révoltes qui ont conduit au départ du dictateur et la transition politique qui s’en suit dessine un nouvel horizon socio-politique, dont les départs clandestins ne sont qu’un aspect. Dans ce contexte en mutation, nous étudions l’implication des migrants dans le développement local de leur pays d’origine. D’autre part, face au problème démographique et à la mondialisation de l’économie, la plupart des pays ouest-européens se tournent aujourd’hui vers une reprise de l’immigration temporaire de travail supposée servir également le co-développement au Sud. Dans cet esprit, des accords internationaux de gestion des migrations ont été signés; il nous appartiendra d’étudier leur mise en oeuvre et leurs conséquences pour le pays d’origine. A partir de plusieurs régions d’enquête (le Sud-Est ; le Nord-Ouest et le Sahel tunisien), nous voulons mettre au jour les différents modèles migratoires que connaît actuellement ce pays (migrations pendulaires, informelles, sur contrats, par mariage, etc). On interroge le lien entre ces différentes formes migratoires et le développement local. Au-delà de la seule question économique, on analyse les causes et les effets de ces mouvements sur les unités sociales concernées, portant une attention particulière aux questions de reconnaissance sociale, aux rapports de pouvoirs, aux relations de genre et aux processus d’identification.
Year 2010
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24 Project

La migration hautement qualifiée depuis et vers la Tunisie

Authors Habib FOURATI
Description
Au cours des dernières années, la Tunisie a opté pour la promotion du capital humain en accordant une attention particulière au système d’éducation et de formation, totalement pris en charge par l’Etat. Cependant, l'augmentation de la proportion de tunisiens titulaires d’un diplôme universitaire ne s’est pas accompagnée d’une hausse équivalente du nombre d’emplois qualifiés sur le marché du travail domestique. Cette situation a conduit à une forte augmentation du taux de chômage et de l’émigration parmi les actifs diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur. Après une discussion générale sur les politiques de soutien à l'instruction en Tunisie, cet article propose de retracer l’évolution des migrations hautement qualifiées depuis et vers la Tunisie au cours de la période 2001-2008. Les caractéristiques démographiques, sociales et économiques des migrants hautement qualifiés y sont examinées. Les raisons de leur émigration et les spécificités des principaux pays de départ et d’accueil sont également évoquées. Abstract In Tunisia, during the last years, emphasis has been put on the promotion of human capital and strong incentives have been directed towards the improvement of the public educational system. However, the overall increase in the educational level of the Tunisian population has not coincided with a parallel development in highly-skilled labour supply. Indeed, increasing unemployment rate among the highly educated has been accompanied by an increase in their propensity to emigrate. After a general overview of the development of educational policies in contemporary Tunisia, this paper analyzes highly-skilled migrations to and from Tunisia between 2001 and 2008. In particular, the demographic, social and economic characteristics of highly-skilled migrants are extensively discussed. In addition, the underlying reasons for migration and the characteristics of the main countries of destination/origin are examined.
Year 2010
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25 Report

Femmes et migrations en Tunisie

Authors Hassan BOUBAKRI
Description
Ce texte propose une analyse de la place et du rôle des femmes dans les différents flux migratoires de, vers et à travers la Tunisie. Dans cette perspective, l’accent est mis sur deux sujets particuliers : tout d’abord, l’évolution démographique et socioprofessionnelle des Tunisiens de l’étranger, notamment les migrations familiales ; puis, les conditions de vie des migrants subsahariens en Tunisie, en particulier les migrations irrégulières et la traite. En conclusion, nous insistons sur la nécessité de disposer et de diffuser des données et des informations sur le genre et la migration afin de favoriser la gouvernance des migrations. / This text analyzes the place and the role of women within the various migration movements from, to and through Tunisia. In such a perspective, it insists on two particular issues : first, the demographic and socio-professional evolution of the Tunisian abroad, mainly through the study of family migration ; second, the living conditions of the sub-Saharan migrants in Tunisia, especially irregular migration and human trafficking. To conclude, we insist on the necessary access to and diffusion of data’s and information’s dealing with Gender and Migration in order to support the governance of migration.
Year 2011
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26 Report

MIgration de REtour au Maghreb (MIREM)

Description
MIREM stands for MIgration de REtour au Maghreb. This collective research programme was launched in December 2005 and ended in December 2008. Today, MIREM and its deliverables (publications, statistics and field surveys on return migrants, conferences and seminars) are part of the RDP. Focusing on returnees’ aspirations, the core deliverable of the MIREM project is a comprehensive comparative database based on 992 interviews made with return migrants to Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. As the collected data were gradually processed and analysed, it became clear that the distinction between migrants who decided on their own initiative to return to their country of origin and those who were compelled to do so constituted one key variable explaining returnees’ prospects of socio-professional reintegration back home. The main objective of the MIREM project lies in taking into better consideration the challenges linked to return migration as well as its impact on development. A whole set of analytical tools have been produced to shed light on the sociodemographic characteristics, conditions and patterns of reintegration of return migrants to the Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia). The project collected both quantitative and qualitative data in selected countries or regions.
Year 2006
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27 Data Set

Tunisian law against racial discrimination: social context and legal norm

Authors Carmelo Perez Beltran
Year 2024
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28 Journal Article

EU Neighbourhood Migration Report 2013

Authors Philippe FARGUES
Description
This report covers migration in 18 EU neighbouring countries, including: Algeria; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Egypt; Georgia; Jordan; Lebanon; Libya; Mauritania; Moldova; Morocco; Palestine; Russia; Syria; Tunisia; Turkey and Ukraine. Each country report provides the most recent update on the demographic, legal, and socio-political aspects of both inward and outward migration stocks and flows.
Year 2013
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29 Report

Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship Policies in the Maghreb Countries: Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco

Authors Samir Djelti, Ricard Zapata-Barrero
Year 2024
Book Title Migrations in the Mediterranean
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30 Book Chapter

Investigation of a post-mandate agreement above suspicion: the July 2018 MoU on readmission between Belgium and Tunisia

Authors Jean-Pierre Cassarino
Year 2022
Journal Name European Politics and Society
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31 Journal Article

An Overview of North African Countries’ Bilateral Cooperation on the Removal of Unauthorized Migrants: Drivers and Implications

Authors Jean-Pierre CASSARINO
Year 2010
Journal Name Middle East Institute Viewpoints: Migration and the Maghreb, May 2010, 34-37
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33 Journal Article

A Structural Equations Model of Migration in Tunisia

Authors Michael J. Hay
Year 1980
Journal Name Economic Development and Cultural Change
Citations (WoS) 13
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34 Journal Article

Migration after the Arab Spring

Authors Philippe FARGUES, Christine FANDRICH
Description
This paper provides a statistical assessment of migration before and after the uprisings in the Southern Mediterranean. It will review European and Arab state policies regarding migration and will ultimately encourage the factoring of the outcomes of the Arab Spring within migration policies on both shores of the Mediterranean. The assessment is based upon the most recent statistical data gathered directly from the competent offices in European Member States; from policy documents emanating from the European Union and concerned States; and from first-hand accounts from surveys conducted in Spring 2012 by scholars in six Arab countries (within Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon) in collaboration with the Migration Policy Centre (MPC). Notably, migration to Europe has not been accelerated by the Arab Spring, apart from a short-lived movement from Tunisia, but has simply continued along previous trends. In sharp contrast, migration within the Southern Mediterranean has been deeply impacted by the events as outflows of migrants and refugees fled instability and violence in Libya and Syria.
Year 2012
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35 Report

The new legitimation crises of Arab states and Turkey

Authors Seyla Benhabib
Year 2014
Journal Name Philosophy & Social Criticism
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36 Journal Article

La gestion concertée de l’émigration entre la Tunisie et l’Union européenne: limites des expériences en cours et perspectives

Authors Abderrazak BEL HAJ ZEKRI
Description
Résumé Cette note de synthèse a pour objectif d’analyser l’expérience tunisienne d’une gestion concertée de la migration. Le premier axe traite de la politique européenne et ses incidences sur la définition de la politique migratoire tunisienne. Le second analyse l’expérience tunisienne en matière de migration légale et, en particulier, les limites de la gestion concertée de la migration entre la Tunisie, l’Italie et la France. Enfin, le troisième axe propose de nouvelles perspectives pour le développement de la migration légale en tenant compte du contexte économique et social tunisien dans cette période de transition marquée par un fort ralentissement de l’activité économique et l’aggravation des problèmes sociaux, en particulier le chômage des jeunes. Abstract This paper aims at analyzing the Tunisian experience in relation with the concerted management of migration. The first axis deals with the European migration policy and its consequences on the definition of the Tunisian policy. The second axis focuses on the Tunisian experience of legal migration and, more particularly, the limits of the concerted management of migration between Tunisia, France and Italy. Ultimately, the third axis suggests new perspectives for the development of legal migration, taking into account the economic and social context of the transition period in Tunisia that is characterized by a significant economic decline and the aggravation of social problems, in particular youth unemployment.
Year 2011
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37 Report

Return Migration and Working Choices

Authors Massimiliano TANI, Stéphane MAHUTEAU
Description
This paper uses the recent survey carried out in the framework of the MIREM project on returnees to Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia and studies the duration of emigration and the labour force status upon returning. The results suggest that age and the year of emigration play a central role in the migration decision, but they do not support the hypothesis that the duration of migration is determined by the desired labour market status upon returning home.
Year 2008
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38 Report

Traditional irrigation techniques in MENA with focus on Tunisia

Authors R. Berndtsson, S. Jebari, H. Hashemi, ...
Year 2016
Journal Name Hydrological Sciences Journal
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39 Journal Article

'People not of our concern': Rejected refugees in Tunisia

Authors Martina Tazzioli
Year 2014
Journal Name RADICAL PHILOSOPHY
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40 Journal Article

Transit in the Maghreb: Sub-Saharans and el-harga

Authors Aspasia Papadopoulou-Kourkoula
Book Title Transit Migration
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41 Book Chapter

Révolution tunisienne et migration clandestine vers Europe : Réactions européennes et tunisiennes

Authors Souhayma BEN ACHOUR, Monia BEN JEMIA
Description
Le 14 janvier 2011, après plusieurs semaines marquées par une insurrection sociale sans précédent, le Président Ben Ali qui avait régné sans partage sur la Tunisie durant 23 ans, fuit le pays, le laissant au bord du chaos. La Tunisie connut ensuite une période d’instabilité et d’insécurité graves. Profitant du désordre, plusieurs milliers de Tunisiens quittèrent irrégulièrement le pays à destination des côtes italiennes. Au total, 25 800 migrants tunisiens seraient arrivés en Italie entre le mois de janvier et le mois de juin 2011. Plusieurs d’entre eux quittèrent l’Italie vers la France. La présence des migrants tunisiens fut mal acceptée par les autorités italiennes et françaises. Elle provoqua une crise sérieuse dans les rapports franco-italiens et au niveau de l’Union européenne. Le présent rapport tente de décrire la politique sécuritaire et de fermeture qui a été mise en place en Italie, en France, puis dans l’Union européenne et de montrer qu’elle porte atteinte aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine, et risque de mettre en péril la transition démocratique en Tunisie. Abstract On January 14, 2011, following several weeks of unprecedented social insurrection, President Ben Ali fled Tunisia, after 23 years in charge there, leaving the country in chaos. Tunisia experienced profound instability and insecurity. Several thousand Tunisians seized the opportunity to leave the country irregularly, heading towards the Italian coasts. Indeed, 25,800 are reported to have arrived in Italy between January and June 2011 and some of these left Italy for France. The presence of Tunisian migrants was ill-received by the French and Italian authorities and set off a serious crisis in French- Italian relations as well as in the European Union more generally. This report attempts to describe the securitarian and closed policies which have been adopted in Italy, in France, then in the EU and attempts too to show how these threaten fundamental human rights and endangers the democratic transition in Tunisia.
Year 2011
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42 Report

Heritage management in post-revolutionary Tunisia: a case study from Mhamdia

Authors Sami Yassine Turki, Khaoula Stiti
Year 2024
Journal Name ESTOA
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43 Journal Article

Le droit tunisien de l'immigration

Authors Monia BEN JEMIA
Description
Les conditions d’entrée, de séjour et de travail des étrangers sont, dans la réglementation tunisienne actuelle, particulièrement restrictives et procèdent d’une politique législative de fermeture à l’immigration. Le passé colonial explique sans aucun doute cette politique législative, matérialisée par une réglementation (1968) prise au lendemain de l’indépendance (1956). Les contraintes du développement, un taux de chômage élevé expliquent le maintien de cette politique législative qui n’a été assouplie que dans deux domaines clés pour l’économie tunisienne, l’investissement étranger et le tourisme. L’amélioration de la condition des étrangers devrait d’autant plus figurer parmi les priorités de la transition démocratique qu’elle souffre dans la réglementation actuelle de sa non-conformité au droit international des droits de l’homme et plus particulièrement à la Convention internationale sur les droits de tous les travailleurs migrants et des membres de leur famille de 1990, non ratifiée par la Tunisie. Abstract The current rules governing foreign nationals’ entry, stay and work in Tunisia are extremely restrictive and are part of a closed legislative policy towards immigration. The colonial past surely explains this legislative policy, translated into regulation (1968) adopted after independence (1956). The constraints of development and a high level of unemployment explain the continuing use of this legislative policy, which has been softened only in two key sectors of the Tunisian economy : namely foreign investment and tourism. The improvement of foreign nationals’ status should be a priority in the democratic transition, all the more so since the current status does not conform to international human-rights law or, more specifically to the 1990 international convention on the rights of all migrant workers and members of their family, which has not been ratified by Tunisia.
Year 2011
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45 Report

Local associative media in Tunisia and the value of voice

Authors Yazan Badran, Jan Loisen, Kevin Smets
Year 2021
Journal Name The Journal of North African Studies
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46 Journal Article

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Spin-Offs' Performance: A Cross-Cultural Study

Authors Mariem Khadhraoui, Michel Plaisent, Lassaad Lakhal, ...
Year 2019
Journal Name Sage Open
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47 Journal Article

Revolution Impact on Drinking Water Consumption: Real Case of Tunisia

Authors M. Hassen Baouab, Semia Cherif
Year 2017
Journal Name Social Indicators Research
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48 Journal Article

DEFINING ETHNIC-IDENTITY - THE CASE OF ISRAELIS FROM SOUTHERN TUNISIA

Authors S DESHEN
Year 1984
Journal Name MEGAMOT
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49 Journal Article

Genre et migration en Tunisie

Authors Habib FOURATI
Description
Au début des années soixante-dix, la Tunisie connaissait sa première vague migratoire de main d’œuvre masculine, de jeunes et de moins jeunes, de célibataires et de non-célibataires vers les pays d’Europe occidentale, notamment vers la France et la République Fédérale d’Allemagne, ainsi que vers certains pays arabes dont la Libye. Cette vague a été suivie quelques années plus tard par des départs beaucoup moins massifs de jeunes femmes vers les pays d’accueil de leur époux, dans le cadre de ce qui fut appelé le « regroupement familial des immigrés dans les pays d’accueil ». Au cours des trois dernières décennies, la Tunisie n’a cessé d’observer ces mouvements migratoires de et vers ces mêmes pays d’accueil, mais avec une intensité plus ou moins importante d’une période à l’autre. Il s’agit d’une émigration d’hommes, dans les trois quarts de cet ensemble de cas, qui s'expatrient pour le travail et les études, et d’une émigration de femmes, dans un quart des cas, notamment pour le mariage et le regroupement familial dans le pays d’accueil, mais aussi pour les études et le travail. La présente note a pour premier objet la description des caractéristiques démographiques et socio-économiques des migrants, des pays de destination et des pays de provenance des flux migratoires des femmes et des hommes tunisiens de et vers la Tunisie au cours de la période 2001-2008. Elle donne, ensuite, un aperçu du stock des migrants tunisiens résidant à l’étranger par sexe et selon les pays d’accueil. Une tentative de caractérisation des femmes mariées restées en Tunisie, et dont les époux résident à l’étranger, est enfin traitée dans un troisième paragraphe. / In the early seventies of the last century, Tunisia experienced its first wave of emigration among male workers, mainly young and directed towards Western European countries, especially France and Germany, as well as towards some Arab countries including Libya. Later, this wave was followed by a corresponding if less strong wave of departure on the part of young women in the framework of so-called ‘family reunification schemes’. Over the past three decades, Tunisia has continued to have migration flows that fluctuate with circumstances. For the most part male migrants leave the country for work and study reasons : three out of four cases. But there are also women who have emigrated for marriage, family reunification as well as to study and work abroad. This note aims at describing the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of migrants and the destination and origin countries of migration flows from 2001 to 2008. Then, the stock of Tunisians abroad today will be more carefully examined from the perspective of gender. Finally, the characteristics and conditions of those women left behind in Tunisia will be scrutinized.
Year 2011
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52 Report

The time styles scale - A review of developments and replications over 15 years

Authors Jean-Claude Usunier, Pierre Valette-Florence
Year 2007
Journal Name Time & Society
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53 Journal Article

La migration internationale hautement qualifiée de, vers et à travers la Tunisie

Authors Monia BEN JEMIA
Description
La Tunisie compte une importante diaspora hautement qualifiée à l’étranger dont le taux de retour est relativement faible. Et, en raison du taux de chômage de ses diplômés du supérieur particulièrement élevé, l’émigration reste un choix de politique législative incontournable. Comment, d’une part, amener ceux qui sont durablement installés à l’étranger à participer au développement du pays et, d’autre part, placer ceux qui partent aujourd’hui ? L’encouragement à une migration circulaire comme le maintien et le renforcement de l’excellence de l’Université Tunisienne semblent être les deux directions principales prises par les autorités tunisiennes. Il faudra néanmoins, afin que cette politique législative puisse porter ses fruits, assainir le climat des affaires et combler le déficit démocratique, seuls garants du retour des migrants hautement qualifiés comme de l’excellence de l’Université tunisienne. Tunisia has a numerous highly-skilled diaspora whose return rate is relatively low. And, because of the high rate of graduate unemployment, emigration remains an important issue of legislative policy. How can Tunisia encourage its highly-skilled diaspora to take part in national development, and how can the country find jobs for its graduates tempted to leave? Circular migration and maintaining and enhancing the quality of Tunisian Universities have been the two main directions taken by the Tunisian authorities. However, these legislative policies cannot succeed without a healthier business environment and democratic system, which are the main guarantees required for the return of highly-skilled migrants and the improvement of Higher Education in the country.
Year 2010
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54 Report

Household and Contextual Indicators of Poverty in Tunisia: A Multilevel Analysis

Authors Mohamed Amara, Hatem Jemmali
Year 2018
Journal Name Social Indicators Research
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55 Journal Article

Normative Interaction and Law-Making: Regulating Migration in the Maghreb

Description
This project explores law-making in the domain of migration in the Maghreb as a result of interaction between diverse exogenous and endogenous normative factors. It builds and tests an innovative approach to reforms undertaken since 2003 in three countries, namely Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania, to improve the knowledge and understanding of legal development in the Maghreb. It unfolds the plurality of interactions that result in the law being reformed in these countries and the country-specificity of law-making in a field where law is being globalised. Drawing on comparative law, international law, sociology of law, human geography and political science, the project examines how recent regulations affecting migration (entry and stay in a territory, exit from the territory, citizenship and asylum) have been thought, elaborated and adopted in each of the three Maghreb countries covered by the project. It therefore goes into the details and mechanisms of law-making and leads to designing a comparative model of normative interactions in national law-making. This project provides an unprecedented analysis of legal development in the Maghreb and a valuable contribution to the understanding of normative interactions in the field of migration. Innovative from theoretical, empirical and methodological perspectives, it develops a coherent analytical framework of law-making, aimed to be replicable across policy and geographical areas. It is hosted in a research centre at Aix-Marseille University, France, which combines excellence in legal research and a unique multidisciplinary academic pool rooted in the Mediterranean. It resorts to field research in Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania and a network of partners in these countries to benefit from local input and favour knowledge-sharing. This project provides supportive policy tools to strengthen the external dimension of EU’s immigration and asylum policy and a renewed partnership between the EU and its Southern Neighbourhood.
Year 2013
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56 Project

Mobilizing for what? Polarized citizens and electoral turnout in transitioning Tunisia

Authors H. Ege Ozen, Andrew Bennett, Ekrem Karakoç
Year 2024
Journal Name Mediterranean Politics
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58 Journal Article

Counting the uncountable : measuring migrant integration between origin and destination

Authors Anna DI BARTOLOMEO, Sona KALANTARYAN
Year 2017
Book Title Migrant integration between homeland and host society. Volume 2, How countries of origin impact migrant integration outcomes : an analysis
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59 Book Chapter

Terrorism and International Tourism: The Case of Germany

Authors Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, Bastian Franke, Wolfgang Maennig
Year 2015
Journal Name Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik
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60 Journal Article

Labour markets performance and migration flows in Arab Mediterranean countries : a regional perspective

Authors Iván MARTIN
Description
The objectives of the Study are two-fold: To analyze the key labour market determinants of migration flows from selected Arab Mediterranean Countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and the Occupied Palestinian Territories), with a particular emphasis on demographic pressures, wage differentials and relative income disparities with the EU, employment policies, labour market flexibility and unemployment rates; this analysis includes the impact of migration on the labour markets of Arab Mediterranean Country (AMCs) labour markets; To propose a series of specific recommendations to improve the design of the EU’s migration policies towards AMCs and policy options available to them for the management of mismatches between labour supply and demand.
Year 2009
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62 Report

The UAE-Tunisia diplomatic relations: a subtle balance between economy and security?

Authors William Guéraiche
Year 2017
Journal Name International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy
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63 Journal Article

Visualizing loss and agency with the families of missing migrants of the Mediterranean: Design and scale in action research

Authors Odessa Gonzalez Benson, Vadim Besprozvany, Bader AlBader, ...
Year 2024
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64 Journal Article

Historical trauma and symptoms impacting United Arab Emirates migrant youth

Authors Susan Smith, Farah Nada
Year 2018
Journal Name Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture
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65 Journal Article

Refugee Resettlement: The view from Kenya. Findings from field research in Nairobi and Kakuma refugee camp

Authors Hannah ELLIOTT
Description
This report presents the findings of field research in Kenya under the KNOW RESET project, which maps and analyses legal and policy frameworks as well as practices related to resettlement to European countries. The research in Kenya was a component of this broader project, which included research in 27 EU member states and three countries of first asylum: Kenya, Pakistan and Tunisia. Research was carried out in Nairobi and Kakuma refugee camp between June and October 2012 and involved interviews with refugee and resettlement actors, including those participating in resettlement to European countries. The report broadly explores and presents Kenya’s resettlement landscape, the positions, roles and practices of European resettlement countries within that landscape, and the perspectives and experiences of refugees around resettlement.
Year 2012
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66 Report

Class, gender and culture in the experience of menopause. A comparative survey in Tunisia and France

Authors Daniel Delanoe, Selma Hajri, Annie Bachelot, ...
Year 2012
Journal Name Social Science & Medicine
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67 Journal Article

Exceeding Crisis. The Psychic Life of Drawings

Authors Cristiana Giordano
Year 2020
Citations (WoS) 3
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68 Journal Article

Norm localisation and migration laws in the Maghreb

Authors Ylenia ROCCHINI
Year 2016
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69 Working Paper

Labour Markets Performance and Migration Flows in Arab Mediterranean Countries: Determinants and Effects

Authors Philippe FARGUES, Iván MARTIN
Description
The main objective of this Study is to analyze the key labour market determinants of migration flows from selected Arab Mediterranean Countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and the Occupied Palestinian Territories) and the impact of outward migration on the labour markets of Arab Mediterranean Countries (AMCs). This has been done mainly on the basis of the evidence and analysis produced by the two Thematic Background Papers and the 8 National Background Papers commissioned for the Study. In turn, the National Background Papers are deliberately based on national statistical data sources: this makes comparability less straightforward, but has the merit of using original data available at the local level, where they are collected and generated.
Year 2010
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70 Report

Les transferts des tunisiens a l’étranger et leurs impacts sur le niveau de vie des ménages directement bénéficiaires 1995 – 2005

Authors Habib FOURATI
Description
Les transferts effectués par la communauté tunisienne à l’étranger vers la Tunisie constituent une source importante de devises et dans les agrégats économiques. Cette note a pour objectif de mesurer l’impact de ces transferts sur le niveau de vie des ménages tunisiens surtout ceux qui en vivent exclusivement. Il décrit la manière et les mécanismes statistiques selon lesquels on pourrait arriver à approcher cet impact. Les enquêtes sur le budget et la consommation des ménages réalisée en Tunisie depuis 1960, selon une périodicité quinquennale, constituent la source de données principale. Dans ces enquêtes, l’impact sur le ménage est facilement identifiable quand la personne identifiée comme source de « soutien financier principal » du ménage réside à l’étranger. L’impact des transferts sur le niveau de vie des ménages est abordés ici par l’impact sur trois dimensions mesurées auprès des ménages : d’abord, les dépenses comme indicateur de revenu, ensuite, le comportement et le modèle de consommation et, enfin, le degré d’équipement en biens durables. A chaque fois, il sera procédé à une comparaison entre les ménages exclusivement bénéficiaires des transferts et les autres ménages. La présente note est composée de quatre parties. Dans le premier est donnée l’évolution des transferts des migrants tunisiens, par groupe de pays et selon le mode de transfert. Dans le deuxième, on présente les caractéristiques démographiques et économiques des ménages vivant exclusivement des transferts. Dans le troisième paragraphe, on présente une évaluation des impacts de ces transferts financiers sur le niveau de vie des ménages au cours de la décennie 1995 – 2005. Dans le quatrième paragraphe, on informe sur l’importance accordée par les tunisiens résidents à l’étranger pour l’acquisition d’un logement en Tunisie. Remittances from Tunisians abroad are important in Tunisia as a source of hard currency and as an economic aggregate. This paper aims to measure the impact of these transfers on the welfare of Tunisian households, especially those who benefit directly from remittances. It also describes the statistical approach by which this impact is evaluated. Household budget and consumption surveys conducted quinquennially in Tunisia since 1960 represent the principal data source for this paper. Using these surveys, remittance impact is easily estimated when the person considered the ’main source of financial support’ for the household is living abroad. The impact of remittances on household welfare is tackled here in three dimensions: first, household expenses as a proxy for income; second, consumption pattern and behaviour; and, third, the degree of equipment on long-lasting goods. Within each dimension, a comparison is made between households directly benefiting from remittances and those that do not. This paper has four sections. The first describes the evolution of migrants’ remittances by group of countries and type of transfers. The second describes the demographic and economic characteristics of households living exclusively on transfers. The third section presents an evaluation of remittance impact on household welfare during the decennial period 1995-2005. The fourth and final section sets out the importance of purchasing a dwelling in Tunisia for Tunisians living abroad.
Year 2009
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71 Report

The Immigration-Emigration Nexus in Non-EU Sending States: A Focus on Welfare Entitlements, Consular Services, and Diaspora Policies

Authors Daniela Vintila, Jean-Michel Lafleur
Year 2020
Book Title Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 3)
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72 Book Chapter

Paths of Mobility: Migrants out of Tunisia and the Parisian Labor Market Since 1956

Authors Noel Bonneuil
Year 2011
Journal Name Mathematical Population Studies
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74 Journal Article

Beyond the Nizam: Youth Political Practices in Egypt and Tunisia After the 2011 Uprisings

Authors Jose Sánchez García, Elena Sánchez-Montijano
Year 2019
Book Title Youth, Inequality and Social Change in the Global South
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75 Book Chapter

Participatory Development and Liberal Reforms in Tunisia: The Gradual Incorporation of Some Economic Networks

Authors Jean-Pierre Cassarino
Year 2004
Book Title Networks of Privilege in the Middle East
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76 Book Chapter

Exceeding Crisis. The Psychic Life of Drawings

Authors Cristiana Giordano
Year 2020
Journal Name MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY
Citations (WoS) 3
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77 Journal Article

Book Reviews

Authors Adriane Costa Da Silva, Heike Drotbohm, Leah Eades, ...
Year 2022
Journal Name Social Anthropology
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80 Journal Article

Les villes tunisiennes : un essai de prospective à l'an 2009

Authors Michel Picquet
Year 1988
Journal Name Espace populations sociétés
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81 Journal Article

Nowhere to go? The case of displaced people in Maghreb states during the COVID-19 pandemic

Authors Johnatan da Costa Santos
Journal Name REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana
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82 Journal Article

Measuring integration of migrants a multivariate approach

Authors Anna DI BARTOLOMEO, Sona KALANTARYAN, Sara BONFANTI
Description
In this study we examine the integration of immigrants born in selected non-EU countries (China, Ecuador, India, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine) living in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK. The units of analysis are the so-called migrant corridors, i.e. a migrant community x in a destination country y. A multidimensional perspective is adopted by focusing on their integration in the following three domains: labour market, education and access to citizenship. Our aim is to compare the level of integration of migrant corridors by dimension. Drawing on relevant micro-datasets, a set of basic integration indicators were identified for each dimension. Using the Principal Component Analysis technique, these basic indicators were synthesized into composite indicators, thus allowing for ranking migrant corridors both in terms of their absolute performances and compared with native outcomes.
Year 2015
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84 Report

Refugee resettlement in the EU : 2011-2013 report

Authors Delphine PERRIN
Description
Know Reset aimed at conducting a systematic inventory of resettlement frameworks and practices in the EU, providing a comparative analysis and assessment of resettlement in the Member States, evaluating their resettlement capacity while addressing policy recommendations to the EU and its Member States in order to enhance cooperation and improve resettlement activities. To better understand Member States’ decision-making and better explore the potential for developing resettlement capacity in the EU, the Project has covered the 27 EU Member States whatever the nature and degree of their involvement in refugee resettlement. Unique field research has also been conducted in three major countries of first asylum (Kenya, Pakistan, Tunisia) by external experts hired for the Project, who dedicated their observation and analysis on EU Member States resettlement practices in the pre-departure phase. The Final Report compiles various deliverables of the Know Reset Project: a series of tables and graphs for quantitative and qualitative country comparison, 27 "Resettlement Country Profiles", 3 Country of First Asylum Reports and 2 EU Comparative Reports.
Year 2013
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85 Report

"A Small Story With Great Symbolic Potential": Attempts at Fixing a Cemetery of Unknown Migrants in Tunisia

Authors Valentina Zagaria
Year 2020
Journal Name AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST
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88 Journal Article

Forced migration governance in Tunisia: Balancing risks and assets for state-making during independence and democratization

Authors Lea Müller-Funk, Katharina Natter
Year 2023
Journal Name Mediterranean Politics
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89 Journal Article

Friends will be friends? External–domestic interactions in EU-Tunisia and EU-Morocco security cooperation after the uprisings

Authors Federica Zardo, Francesco Cavatorta
Year 2019
Journal Name International Politics
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90 Journal Article

Settlement Colonization and Transnational Labor Emigration in the Maghreb: A Comparative Study of Algeria and Tunisia.

Authors James Cobbe, Raouf Ressaossi
Year 1985
Journal Name International Migration Review
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91 Journal Article

The influence of religion on the leisure behavior of immigrant Muslims in the United States

Authors Monika Stodolska, Jennifer S. Livengood
Year 2006
Journal Name JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH
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92 Journal Article

Transformations of the Sikh Diaspora

Authors Milton Israel
Year 1991
Journal Name Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
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93 Journal Article

Mapping Specific Incentives for Countries of Origin to Facilitate Cooperation on Return

Principal investigator Albert Kraler (Project Team Member), Bernhard Perchinig (Project Team Member)
Description
This project aims at identifying need-based potentials for cooperation, which can lead to opportunities for improved cooperation between countries wishing to return persons not holding residence rights and five countries (Algeria, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, Iran) in the field of return and readmission. More specifically, and based on the analysis of relevant international relations theories as well as on insights from expert interviews, the study will examine: • Options for the development of strategies for the creation of incentive based cooperation schemes in the field of return and readmission and to determine which incentives could be offered to the countries of origin of illegally resident third-country nationals without jeopardizing the EU's objectives in this area, and ultimately its own interests. • Experiences of selected EU-countries (Italy, the Netherland, the UK, Sweden) in cooperation with the above mentioned countries in the field of return. • Necessary conditions for the establishment of sustainable cooperation in the field of return (based on theoretical considerations and results of the empirical investigations) In addition, the project aims at producing five country specific case studies including information on: • the general situation with regard to migration and the corresponding third country. • the current state of cooperation between Austria and the third country • perceived problems in the area of repatriation • European experiences • positive incentives
Year 2017
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94 Project

The Other Side of a Neoliberal Miracle: Economic Reform and Political De-Liberalization in Ben Ali's Tunisia

Authors Gerasimos Tsourapas
Year 2013
Journal Name Mediterranean Politics
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95 Journal Article

Les obstacles à la ratification par la Tunisie de la Convention internationale sur les droits des travailleurs migrants et des membres de leurs familles

Authors Farah BEN CHEÏKH, Hafidha CHEKIR
Description
Résumé La Tunisie est le seul pays parmi les Ẻtats maghrébins à ne pas avoir ratifié la Convention des Nations-Unies sur les droits des travailleurs migrants et des membres de leurs familles. Plusieurs obstacles entravent sa ratification, ils sont liés à l’absence d’une législation qui organise les droits des migrants, à la conception tunisienne de la famille qui est adoptée dans le Code du statut personnel, à la non reconnaissance de droits aux travailleurs migrants en situation irrégulière ainsi qu’à l’obligation de se soumettre au contrôle périodique du comité chargé du suivi et de l’application des dispositions de la convention. Abstract Among the Maghreb countries, Tunisia is the only one not to have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Family Members. This article explores the various obstacles in the way of ratification, including : the absence of a Tunisian Law protecting Migrant’s rights ; the Tunisian family as understood in the Personal Status Code ; the non-recognition of rights to migrants in an irregular situation ; as well as the duty of undergoing periodical monitoring by the follow-up Committee instituted by the UNCRMW.
Year 2009
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96 Report

The effects of discrimination and constraints negotiation on leisure behavior of American Muslims in the post-september 11 America

Authors JS Livengood, M Stodolska
Year 2004
Journal Name JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH
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97 Journal Article

Transforming refugees into migrants: institutional change and the politics of international protection

Authors Lama Mourad, Kelsey P Norman
Year 2020
Journal Name European Journal of International Relations
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99 Journal Article

Chemical composition of utility water in the arid climate zone on the examples of Kébili and Medenine regions (southern Tunisia)

Authors Beata Latos, Karolina Sobczak-Szelc, Krzysztof Skocki, ...
Year 2018
Journal Name Prace Geograficzne
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100 Journal Article
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