Research
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This constantly growing database accumulates and structures
relevant knowledge in the field of migration.

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Readmission, return and reintegration : legal framework in the Republic of Azerbaijan

Authors Alovsat ALIYEV
Description
Azerbaijan did not adopt any legal acts that would specifically deal with reintegration. In various normative acts one can only find some norms related to reintegration of certain groups of people. Thus, for instance, according to the Law “On combat against human trafficking”, social rehabilitation of human trafficking victims aims to encourage their integration into society and their return to normal life. It envisages measures aimed at providing legal assistance, educational opportunities, psychological, medical and professional rehabilitation, employment and housing1 . The Law “On the status of refugees and forced migrants (persons forced to move to the country)” creates conditions in which refugees can adapt to the local environment, undergo naturalization, learn the language and learn about their rights and obligations2 . As for immigrants, Azerbaijani legislation offers them an opportunity to study the Azerbaijani language, as well as the Constitution and laws of Azerbaijan
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32751 Report

Some aspects of ukrainian legislative reform relating to combating against human trafficking

Authors Lyudmila DAVYDOVYCH, Valentina SUBOTENKO
Description
The issue of combat against human trafficking is very pressing for Ukraine, just like for most postSoviet countries. As it is indicated in the Migration Profile of Ukraine compiled in 2011 by Ukrainian migration experts based on research and on statistical data provided by Ukrainian national authorities and international specialists in the field of migration, Ukraine is primarily a state of origin for human trafficking victims1. Ukraine is also a country of transit for foreigners who became human trafficking or smuggling victims on their way to other countries, primarily Turkey or United Arab Emirates, from Moldova, Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.The issue of combat against human trafficking is very pressing for Ukraine, just like for most postSoviet countries. As it is indicated in the Migration Profile of Ukraine compiled in 2011 by Ukrainian migration experts based on research and on statistical data provided by Ukrainian national authorities and international specialists in the field of migration, Ukraine is primarily a state of origin for human trafficking victims1. Ukraine is also a country of transit for foreigners who became human trafficking or smuggling victims on their way to other countries, primarily Turkey or United Arab Emirates, from Moldova, Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.The issue of combat against human trafficking is very pressing for Ukraine, just like for most postSoviet countries. As it is indicated in the Migration Profile of Ukraine compiled in 2011 by Ukrainian migration experts based on research and on statistical data provided by Ukrainian national authorities and international specialists in the field of migration, Ukraine is primarily a state of origin for human trafficking victims1. Ukraine is also a country of transit for foreigners who became human trafficking or smuggling victims on their way to other countries, primarily Turkey or United Arab Emirates, from Moldova, Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.The issue of combat against human trafficking is very pressing for Ukraine, just like for most postSoviet countries. As it is indicated in the Migration Profile of Ukraine compiled in 2011 by Ukrainian migration experts based on research and on statistical data provided by Ukrainian national authorities and international specialists in the field of migration, Ukraine is primarily a state of origin for human trafficking victims1. Ukraine is also a country of transit for foreigners who became human trafficking or smuggling victims on their way to other countries, primarily Turkey or United Arab Emirates, from Moldova, Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.The issue of combat against human trafficking is very pressing for Ukraine, just like for most postSoviet countries. As it is indicated in the Migration Profile of Ukraine compiled in 2011 by Ukrainian migration experts based on research and on statistical data provided by Ukrainian national authorities and international specialists in the field of migration, Ukraine is primarily a state of origin for human trafficking victims1. Ukraine is also a country of transit for foreigners who became human trafficking or smuggling victims on their way to other countries, primarily Turkey or United Arab Emirates, from Moldova, Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32752 Report

Russian policy : emigration and diaspora

Authors Vladimir MUKOMEL
Description
Russia is a country attracting migrants, migration policy is focused on the immigration and labour migration, the challenges of emigration are considered minor. In the 1990s emigration was conceptualized as a “brain drain” problem and the main goal of the migration policy was the restraint of the outflow of the high-qualified personnel. In the 2000s, due to the decrease of the emigration, the major aim is seen as return of emigrants, though the mechanisms of its implementation have not been created.
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32753 Report

Emigration and diaspora in Belarus

Authors Anastacia BOBROVA
Description
emigration policy, unlike policy with regards to immigration, still needs refinement. Policy with regards to emigrants, just as in case of diaspora, is still to large extent theory-, rather than practice-oriented. The same is not true for the current immigration policy. Unlike previous programs, the current one implies not only assistance in settlement of immigrants and their integration into Belarusian society, but also a differentiated approach to migrants’ categories, based on national interests. This means that, first of all, one of the measures is to develop target-oriented regional programs, aimed at migrant influx to the geographic areas experiencing workforce deficit. Second, preference is given to persons under the age of 40 and having higher or secondary education. Besides, the Department of Citizenship and Migration of the Ministry of Interior identified countries from where migration is desirable: Ukraine, Russia, Baltic and CIS countries with Russian-speaking population, as well as undesirable donor countries: Africa and most of South East Asia
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32754 Report

Integration and reintegration in CARIM-East countries

Authors Alexandru STRATAN, Galina SAVELYEVA, Vera KOTELNIK, ...
Description
Policy in the field of migrants’ integration is a relatively new task for practically all CARIM-East countries. Integration has an impact upon demography, including the composition and structure of the country’s population, namely gender ratio, mortality, marriage structure, birth rate, ageing etc. While integrating into society migrants become a part of the same, which affects the demographic security of the recipient country. As was noted above, integration is a twofold process, i.e. it is linked both to the adaptation of migrants and the adaptation of the recipient society [16]. If one takes Russia as an example of a recipient country, then, in the first half of the 1990s, its actions were primarily directed towards assistance to refugees and forced migrants from the former USSR republics, most of whom were ethnic Russians in need of economic, social and household integration: assistance in getting housing, jobs, and legal status. In the late 1990s and the early 2000s the situation changed: forced migration gradually gave way to large-scale labor migration from practically all CIS countries and this, of course, required a drastic change in policy. The absence of migrants’ integration policy increases their social exclusion and segregation. This absence make them vulnerable to different forms of rights violations, labor and other types of exploitation, even extreme forms of violence, such as forced labor and human trafficking: all of these, it should be noted, are to be found in CARIM-East countries.
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32758 Report

Migrant integration models in modern Russia

Authors Vladimir IONTSEV, Irina IVAKHNYUK
Description
The work here is of both a theoretical and an applied character. The authors pay particular attention to understanding what the integration of migrants means and how it corresponds to the terms assimilation and adaptation. They also offer a classification of complete and partial integration. For Russia, the paper retraces how the disregard of migrant integration in the 1990s and the first half of the 2000s was gradually replaced – after a delay – by an understanding that these were closely interrelated spheres of State activities. This was particularly true for a country like Russia, which annually receives millions of migrants, both for permanent and temporary stays. The experience of Russia clearly demonstrates that the dissociation of the State from this important sphere of internal policy leads to ethnic tension, erosion of tolerance in society, alienation of migrants from Russian society, self-isolation, and open conflicts between migrants and local residents. Therefore, now that the integration of migrants has been understood to be an important issue in Russia, the elaboration and realization of the policy of integration of migrants is complicated by an extremely unfavorable atmosphere of xenophobia and a politically-loaded perception of migration. The Russian policy of migrant integration is evaluated in respect of the most privileged category of immigrants: Russian “compatriots”. The adaptation policy of temporary labour migrants is analyzed in the context of the Russian State’s 2012 initiatives. The authors also argue out the integration and the anti-integration potential of ethnic diasporas when – as in present-day Russia – the infrastructure for the admission and integration of migrants has not been properly developed.
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32760 Report

Feeding the Beast: Nourishing Nativist Appeals in Sweden and in Denmark

Authors Anders Hellström, Peter Hervik
Year 2013
Journal Name Journal of International Migration and Integration
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32761 Journal Article

Latino studies/Latinidades – Under construction …

Authors Lourdes Torres
Year 2013
Journal Name LATINO STUDIES
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32762 Journal Article

Cohesion without participation: immigration and migrants' associations in Italy

Authors Claudia Mantovan
Year 2013
Journal Name PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE
Citations (WoS) 4
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32763 Journal Article

Muslim immigrants and the Greek nation: The emergence of nationalist intolerance

Authors Anna Triandafyllidou, Hara Kouki
Year 2013
Journal Name Ethnicities
Citations (WoS) 15
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32764 Journal Article

“Whom should We Help First?” Transnational Helping Practices in Ecuadorian Migration

Authors Paolo Boccagni
Year 2013
Journal Name International Migration
32765 Journal Article

“Smuggled Refugees”: The Social Construction of North Korean Migration

Authors Jiyoung Song
Year 2013
Journal Name International Migration
32766 Journal Article

Returnees' Perspectives on Their Re‐migration Processes

Authors Ine Lietaert, Ilse Derluyn, Eric Broekaert
Year 2013
Journal Name International Migration
32767 Journal Article

Approaches to the Afro-Colombian Experience in Chile

Authors Jimena Silva Segovia, Marcelo Lufin
Year 2013
Journal Name JOURNAL OF BLACK STUDIES
32768 Journal Article

Transforming Migration: Transnational Transfer of Multicultural Habitus

Description
How do migrants develop the competence to successfully operate within a new society, and will these newly acquired intercultural skills and attitudes transfer between individuals and geographical locations? Can migration, and to what extent, trigger a shift towards more tolerance and respect for ethnic and cultural diversity in the countries sending migrants? And how are these effects mediated by particular conditions? These are the questions the TRANSFORmIG project seeks to answer by investigating recent massive migration between Poland and Great Britain and Germany. The ‘Polish case’ is highly instructive because of diametrically opposed contexts between which the transnational migrants regularly ‘switch’: Britain and Germany are characterized by a level and kind of multi-cultural complexity that is unknown to immigrants from Poland which is recognized as one of the most ethnically homogeneous country in the world. The TRANSFORmIG project puts the hypothesis that contact with diversity – socializing with people of diverse backgrounds – leads to (a positive) change of attitudes both among migrants and their peer groups in the communities of origin, and that these effects are mediated by the particular configurations and representations of diversity. The TRANSFORmIG project entails interdisciplinary, multi-method research in selected localities in Great Britain, Germany and Poland. Spanning sociology, anthropology, history and media studies, the project investigates with the help of a longitudinal qualitative study, individual and group interviews, ethnography and discourse analysis how people’s attitudes and skills to act in diverse societies change over time and in dependence with historical and contemporary conditions. Findings will significantly advance social scientific understanding of the processes of transnational transfer of values and attitudes and the spread of intercultural competences under the condition of growing diversification of societies.
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32769 Project

Family Migration, Marriage and Integration

Description
Family migration in general, and more specifically migration for the purpose of family formation, has become one of the most important forms of immigration to European countries. Consequently, family migration and family formation receive increasing attention, particularly in the field of migrant integration. This is reflected not only in recently introduced programmes in many countries which link admission and integration, but also in examining the role of the family in integration processes. For example, bi-national or inter-ethnic marriages and partnerships can be understood as an expression of successful integration, assuming that these relations require a high level of intercultural interaction, social contacts outside their own group and the acceptance of different values. Existing literature indicates that this and similar conclusions are much too simplistic and refers to the variety of considerations, motives and ambitions that influence partner choices. Particularly in German-speaking countries, the state of knowledge on partner choice, marriage and family formation patterns of migrants is poorly understood. Existing studies are often limited to specific aspects of the phenomenon, such as "forced marriages" or "arranged marriages", which neglect a comprehensive analysis and an informed debate on the impact of these patterns on the integration of third country nationals in general. Objectives of the study: The study will examine: • marriage patterns and motives in major immigrant groups in Austria over time; • the effects of changing marriage patterns and marriage structures on the integration characteristics of immigrant spouses and their children in Austria; • whether integration policies support the needs of immigrant spouses and their children; • options for policy development in the respective areas.
Year 2013
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32770 Project

A new immigration policy in Azerbaijan

Authors Sergey RUMYANSEV
Description
Up to the late 1990s, discourse around mass emigration from Azerbaijan had to do, above all, with mass post-Soviet labour migration. During the last two decades (1990-2009) 266,000 arrived in the country as permanent migrants and 707,500 departed from Azerbaijan according to official statistics. According to official statistics the balance of migration was negative for Azerbaijan (though never massively negative) almost every year. But in the last two years more people arrived in the country than left it. On the grounds of these figures the authorities announced that Azerbaijan has become attractive for immigrants. President Ilham Aliyev’s stated: “The number of foreigners intending to visit the Republic of Azerbaijan will increase while Azerbaijan is developing. This can be considered a positive factor for our country. However, we must prefer the interests of our state, people, citizens and this must be the priority for our migration policy” on the home page of the Internet Site of the “State Migration Service of Azerbaijan Republic” in fact, there is the official declaration of changes in the migration process. These ideas have been set in state law in the “Decree by the president of the Azerbaijani Republic on the use of the ‘single window’ principle in the management of migration processes” (4th of March 2009).
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32771 Report

Religious diversity and education : intercultural and multicultural concepts and policies

Authors Ruby GROPAS, Anna TRIANDAFYLLIDOU
Year 2012
Book Title European multiculturalisms : cultural, religious and ethnic challenges
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32772 Book Chapter

Response to the Research Report 'The impact of labour migration on Belarus: a demographic perspective'

Authors Andrei YELISEYEU
Description
Contrary to official statistics, a number of estimates, employing census data and population loss due to natural causes, and based on bilateral migration stocks, show that Belarus, since its independence, has had a negative net migration: the numbers come in at about 130,000. Population loss due to external migration is even more considerable (700,000) if one counts migration on the basis of the migrants’ place of birth: many Belarus-born emigrants left the country before 1990 and did not return, and a large number of immigrants after 1990 were Belarus-born repatriated from other former USSR countries. Official statistics for the external net migration rate and labour migrants have been distorted by poor migration accounting, while political considerations have deterred some academic institutions from taking a more critical approach. External migration is negative in demographic terms in quantitative but also in qualitative terms as emigrants are, on average, younger and better educated, while immigrants are less-skilled, with a larger proportion of people past working age. The positive demographic impact of the 1980s high fertility rate has recently ended. Since 2008, the pool of labour resources has been gradually diminishing. The share of people below working age has been falling while the share of those above working age has risen. Thus unfavorable demographic trends in terms of population loss and age distortion are aggravated by external migration. With all the negative demographic impact that external migration implies, labour migration has an ambiguous economic impact. It contributes to sizable human capital losses and a deficit in some sectors (e.g., construction) due to the labour migration to Russia. But it also eases unemployment and provides remittances from the migrants to their communities.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32777 Report

Of Hubs and Hinterlands: Cyprus as an Insular Space of Overlapping Diasporas

Authors Janine Teerling, Russell King
Year 2012
Journal Name ISLAND STUDIES JOURNAL
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32779 Journal Article

The Chinese Diaspora: Exploring Chinese Migration in Colombia

Authors Friederike Fleischer
Year 2012
Journal Name Revista de Estudios Sociales
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32781 Journal Article

Migration en Algérie : nouvelles tendances

Authors Rafik BOUKLIA-HASSANE
Description
L’émigration algérienne se caractérise à travers une feuille de route de destination de plus en plus diversifiée, bien que la France demeure le principal pays d’accueil. Le regroupement familial représente l’une des raisons principales sous-jacente les flux d’admission vers la France, alors que la migration professionnelle revêt un caractère désormais marginal. La reconnaissance implicite de la double nationalité et l’entrée en vigueur du nouveau Code de la nationalité algérien concourent à la massification de la diaspora algérienne résidant à l’étranger, alors même que celle-ci reste difficile à appréhender d’un point de vue statistique. L’évolution des taux du chômage et les variations ressortant de la participation au marché du travail au sein du pays d’accueil démarquent une intégration plus rapide parmi les femmes d’origine algérienne par comparaison avec les hommes, expliquée dans une large mesure au regard d’une situation économique initiale déséquilibrée au détriment des femmes. Il ressort de l’observation courant sur la période récente que les mesures adoptées par les autorités algériennes attestent d’une volonté manifeste d’impulser une nouvelle politique migratoire tournée vers la promotion de l’impact de la communauté algérienne résidant à l’étranger sur le développement économique de l’Algérie. A noter dans le même temps que les phénomènes de l’émigration et de l’immigration illégales font l’objet de mesures législatives civiles et pénales soutenues et renforcées par le gouvernement algérien. Algerian emigration has seen a gradual diversification in terms of destinations, though France remains the preferred option. Family reunification is today the main motivation pushing Algerians to France, while labor migration has only a marginal role. Both the implicit recognition of dual citizenship and the new Code on Algerian Nationality have tended to increase the size of the expat Algerian community, though this is not evident in the statistics. In terms of economic integration, the evolution of unemployment and of labor market participation in the destination country reflects the faster integration of Algerian women than of Algerian men, probably because of the large initial gap between the two sexes. The recent measures put in place by the Algerian authorities may show the start of a new policy attitude towards migration which gives more relevance to the contribution of the expat Algerian community in terms of economic development at home. Meanwhile, Algerian policies for the fight against undocumented outward and inward migration have been strengthened by the adoption of new civil and penal law arrangements.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32782 Report

SLOVENIANS IN SERBIA. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC STUDY

Authors Aleksandar Knezevic
Year 2012
Journal Name ANNALES-ANALI ZA ISTRSKE IN MEDITERANSKE STUDIJE-SERIES HISTORIA ET SOCIOLOGIA
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32784 Journal Article

Developing alternative understandings of security and justice through restorative justice approaches in intercultural settings within democratic societies

Description
The overarching objective and expected impact of this project is to provide alternative and deepened understanding based on empirical evidence of how to handle conflicts in intercultural contexts within democratic societies in order to set up security solutions for communities, which are carried by the active participation of the citizens. ALTERNATIVE has at its core 4 intensive case studies (which mainly take the form of action research) built around, supported by and mutually feeding into 3 more theoretically oriented work packages. These parts together produce a spectrum of theoretically grounded and empirically tested models of dealing with conflicts in intercultural settings by RJ processes. The theoretically oriented work packages deal mainly with alternative epistemologies of justice and security, conflict analysis, and RJ models application and their relevance for European policies. The action research is dedicated to different levels of intercultural conflicts in a few selected security sensitive areas: at the micro-level - everyday conflicts between local residents and residents with migrant background in public/social housing (Vienna); at the meso-level – conflicts in a small town with Roma and non-Roma inhabitants (Hungary); at the meso- and macro-level – interethnic conflicts within 3 multi-ethnic and multicultural regions: conflicts between Serbs and Albanians, Serbs and Muslims, and Serbs and Croats (Serbia); and at the meso- and macro-level - civil conflicts at 3 different sites: conflicts between a local community and gangs of youths; between long term residents and recent immigrants; and inter-community sectarian conflict (Northern Ireland). Our proposal is fully in line with the main objectives of the “Security Theme Work Program”; its expected impact is also fully in line with the impact expected in the “Topic SEC-2011.6.5-1 Conflict resolution and mediation”: To provide alternative understanding of how to handle conflicts within democratic societies.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32786 Project

Between Ashkenaz and Québécois: Fifty Years of Francophone Sephardim in Montréal

Authors William F.S. Miles
Year 2012
Journal Name Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32787 Journal Article

The invention of a diaspora: the case of Arbëresh

Description
This project will study the formation of the Arbëresh minority, currently one of the twelve officially recognized linguistic minorities in Italy. This proposal aims to address the problem of identity construction as started by diverse immigrant groups that, notwithstanding their common origin roughly corresponding to present-day Albania, were at first very different from one another in terms of religion, culture and language. In particular, this research will allow to critically reconsider the concept of diaspora. Scholars have so far analyzed diaspora phenomena as coherent units of geographically dispersed people bound by sentiment, culture and history. On the contrary, this project aims to demonstrate that the cultural identity of a diaspora is not necessarily formed by the dispersion of ethnically homogeneous groups, but it is rather the result of a long-term process that can take place in the host countries. The project is divided into three parts. The first part studies the Albanian emigration to Southern Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth century and the foundation of rural communities on Italian territory by immigrants. The second part examines the period of the Counter-Reformation. The Albanian colonies became part of the Catholic Church, but at the same time they adopted a particular religious rite, the so-called Greek rite, which has distinguished them from the Catholic majority. The result was the birth of a Uniate Catholic Church in 1595, which brought together the various Albanian colonies in Italy. The third part studies the achievement of ethnic identity in the seventeenth century, on the basis of the religious identity. The project will be carried out at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, which is currently engaged in several international and European research projects focused on the history of diasporas. The main expected result is the preparation of a book that will be the fourth monograph of the researcher
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32789 Project

Hospitality vs Hatred of the Other: A Study of Welcoming versus Prejudiced Representations of Otherness in Britain and Poland

Description
The objective of this project is to complete my research into prejudiced representations of the Other (hostility) vs cultural initiatives to create welcoming representations (hospitality) in Britain and Poland. There are significant differences in the approaches to the Other between and within the two countries of the European Union. My study will examine the representations of Jews, Roma, Muslims and other national, ethnic and religious minorities, the LGBT community, refugees and other immigrants, people with disabilities, the economically excluded as alienated in the UK and Poland. Because of the abortion ban, women are among the most vulnerable in Poland and are, therefore, the Beauvoirean Other in this country. A variety of prejudices converge on the ‘Others’ who are devoid of subjectivity and visibility. Therefore, it is important to examine the problematics of alterity and visibility alike, in order to empower the excluded. My research project aims to examine the phobias directed at supposed strangers and attempts to fight this intolerance as an opposition is strengthening against the prejudiced perceptions. This project examines linkages among sexism, anti-Semitism and other phobias – and, above all, opposition to them. It focuses on the picture of the Other when Europe is witnessing the rise of an uncivil society with its sexist, racist, anti-Semitic, homo- and xenophobic as well as Islamophobic ideology and iconography. This project explores the ideas and images of the Other produced by the far right, as well as initiatives that oppose them in a civil society: political philosophy and visual culture. An impact of this action is to maximise my contribution to society through a diagnosis of the cultural representations to the Other and recommendations to adopt an ethics of hospitality (according to Jacques Derrida ethics, culture and hospitality are synonymous). This advanced training will also enhance my competence diversification.
Year 2012
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32791 Project

Studying and Evaluating the Role of the Media in Migrant Integration: Introductory remarks for the MEDIVA project

Authors Anna TRIANDAFYLLIDOU, Iryna ULASIUK
Description
Studying and Evaluating the Role of the Media in Migrant Integration: Introductory remarks for the MEDIVA project Europe has experienced important tensions between national majorities and ethnic or religious minorities, more particularly with migrants and their offspring during the past ten years. These tensions largely understood as an ethnic or religious issue have been however exacerbated by the global financial crisis that has hit all EU countries (even if at varying degrees) since 2008. Indeed at these times of economic crisis, rising unemployment and increasing insecurity, non EU citizens who reside in EU countries tend to become the target of xenophobic and racist attitudes. In this context, the question of third country nationals’ (TCN) integration becomes all the more pressing to preserve social cohesion and also to help EU societies overcome the crisis. The media have a role to play under these circumstances in promoting policy discourses and media representations that are pro-integration and not immigrant-phobic. The importance of this role is acknowledged by politicians, policy makers, scholars and migrants/minorities themselves. There have been several initiatives initiated by European institutions such as the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs (DG EMPL), the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), which have aimed at strengthening the capacity of the media to reflect diversity. Several studies have identified best practices and have presented these with a view to raising awareness among media companies and media professionals. Hard facts and figures are needed to assess and plan pro-integration policies and practices. These should be derived from both qualitative and quantitative measurements. Regular and thorough analysis of different aspects of media production can lead to re-balancing of the output in favour of negatively stereotyped immigrant groups. The MEDIVA project adopts this view and capitalizes on the work done so far by combining it with a series of in-depth interviews with senior journalists across six member states (Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, the UK) with a view to understanding better how journalists and other media professionals assess the tools they have so far in dealing with migrant diversity (recruitment/employment conditions, training provided, codes of ethics, knowledge about diversity and how all these are combined in everyday work in news making and programme production). The MEDIVA project will use this added knowledge to create a set of Indicators of Media Capacity to Reflect Diversity and Promote Migrant Integration. This project builds on the existing work but also goes a step further from the studies that exist so far which have generally provided for best practice knowledge, training tool kits and media content analysis but have notyet created a tool for self-/otherassessment and monitoring of the media on reflecting diversity and promoting TCN integration. This paper provides definitions for key terms used in the project, demarcating the field of study and clarifying the project’s objectives.
Year 2011
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32793 Report

Politics and the migration-development nexus: the EU and the Arab SEM countries

Authors Françoise DE BEL-AIR
Description
In the hope of regulating migratory flows, the European Council endorsed a “global approach” to migration in December 2005, an approach which is based on the correction of the “deep causes of migration”: poverty, unemployment and development gaps between North and South. Besides liberalising economies and trade systems, a set of measures are advocated in order to enhance home countries’ development by using “migration [as a] medicine against migration”: stimulating the remittance of funds back to the country of origin; expanding the role of diasporas settled in member states; reinforcing circular migration schemes and facilitating return movements; and improving the management of the emigration of the highly-skilled in order to curb “brain drain”. The paper focuses on the Arab South and East Mediterranean (SEM) countries. It challenges the views, implicit in EU migration policies, that migration is entirely rooted in economics and that migrants’ agency alone is able to spur development in the origin country. Using the theoretical background of political economy with a neo-institutional approach to migration, it explores the stakes, the outreaches and the outcomes of the migration and development nexus. By so doing, it re-politicizes migration and development and emphasises the structural and contextual dimension of factors pushing on migration and hampering development: unemployment and high professional turn over; economic liberalisation and deregulation policies, and socio-political “blockages” (gender inequalities, patronage, clientelism and corruption, lack of public expression). Moreover, the analysis of SEM country practices in the field of migration management and engineering migration for development shows how the design of policies and the channelling of flows respond to political and demographic stakes in the various national contexts. Migration patterns act as a political shield for regimes in the region that: allows these regimes to monitor political opposition; renews socio-cultural elites; and decreases the economic opportunities in national economies, due to corruption and patronage. Current policies also reconstruct state-society/expatriates relations, through (controlled) economic participation and socio-cultural solidarity. They do not, however, lead to political participation. The paper thus concludes that amendments to macro-political contexts in the SEM countries are more likely than liberalisation policies to curb emigration flows, by engineering global social and political development. As a matter of fact, the onset and patterns of the Arab revolutions since December 2010 aptly confirm the need for political reform in the region. Adoptée par le Conseil européen en décembre 2005, l’Approche globale des migrations est axée sur la correction des « causes profondes de la migration » (la pauvreté, le chômage, les écarts de développement entre nord et sud) afin d’en réguler les flux. Parmi les mesures préconisées figurent la facilitation de l’envoi de fonds vers les pays d’origine (transparence des coûts, développement de l’accès aux services financiers), l’encouragement du rôle des diasporas implantées dans les États membres (aider les pays en développement à identifier leur diaspora et à établir des liens), le renforcement de la migration circulaire et la facilitation du retour, une meilleure gestion des migrations de personnes hautement qualifiées afin de limiter la « fuite des cerveaux ». Cette étude traite des pays arabes du sud et de l’est de la Méditerranée (SEM). Elle met en question les représentations, contenues dans les politiques migratoires de l’UE, de la migration comme facteur purement économique, mais aussi des migrants comme agents d’un développement à grande échelle dans leurs pays d’origine. Le cadre théorique de l’économie politique et les approches néo-institutionnelles des migrations, utilisés ici, permettent de dégager les enjeux et la portée du lien entre migration et développement sur le terrain arabe. L’étude ‘re-politise’ ces deux processus. Elle met en relief la dimension structurelle des facteurs déclenchant l’émigration et entravant les processus de développement : les caractéristiques du marché du travail, les politiques de libéralisation des économies et les « blocages » sociopolitiques (inégalités hommes-femmes, clientélisme et corruption, obstacles à l’expression publique). En outre, l’analyse des politiques migratoires menées dans les pays du SEM montre que ces mesures répondent aux enjeux politiques et démographiques particuliers aux divers contextes nationaux de la région. Elles permettent aux régimes en place de contrôler l’opposition politique, le renouvellement des élites socioculturelles et les conséquences de la contraction des opportunités économiques, due à la corruption et au clientélisme. Les politiques migratoires participent également d’une restructuration des relations États-sociétés-expatriés autour d’une participation économique (étroitement contrôlée) et d’une solidarité socioculturelle, mais excluant toute participation politique. L’étude conclut donc que des réformes des contextes sociaux et politiques dans les pays du SEM seraient plus à même d’agir sur les flux migratoires que les réformes néolibérales. Le déclenchement des révoltes arabes en décembre 2010 confirme d’ailleurs l’urgence de ces réformes politiques.
Year 2011
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32794 Report

Politics and the migration-development nexus: the EU and the Arab SEM countries

Authors Françoise DE BEL-AIR
Description
In the hope of regulating migratory flows, the European Council endorsed a “global approach” to migration in December 2005, an approach which is based on the correction of the “deep causes of migration”: poverty, unemployment and development gaps between North and South. Besides liberalising economies and trade systems, a set of measures are advocated in order to enhance home countries’ development by using “migration [as a] medicine against migration”: stimulating the remittance of funds back to the country of origin; expanding the role of diasporas settled in member states; reinforcing circular migration schemes and facilitating return movements; and improving the management of the emigration of the highly-skilled in order to curb “brain drain”. The paper focuses on the Arab South and East Mediterranean (SEM) countries. It challenges the views, implicit in EU migration policies, that migration is entirely rooted in economics and that migrants’ agency alone is able to spur development in the origin country. Using the theoretical background of political economy with a neo-institutional approach to migration, it explores the stakes, the outreaches and the outcomes of the migration and development nexus. By so doing, it re-politicizes migration and development and emphasises the structural and contextual dimension of factors pushing on migration and hampering development: unemployment and high professional turn over; economic liberalisation and deregulation policies, and socio-political “blockages” (gender inequalities, patronage, clientelism and corruption, lack of public expression). Moreover, the analysis of SEM country practices in the field of migration management and engineering migration for development shows how the design of policies and the channelling of flows respond to political and demographic stakes in the various national contexts. Migration patterns act as a political shield for regimes in the region that: allows these regimes to monitor political opposition; renews socio-cultural elites; and decreases the economic opportunities in national economies, due to corruption and patronage. Current policies also reconstruct state-society/expatriates relations, through (controlled) economic participation and socio-cultural solidarity. They do not, however, lead to political participation. The paper thus concludes that amendments to macro-political contexts in the SEM countries are more likely than liberalisation policies to curb emigration flows, by engineering global social and political development. As a matter of fact, the onset and patterns of the Arab revolutions since December 2010 aptly confirm the need for political reform in the region. Adoptée par le Conseil européen en décembre 2005, l’Approche globale des migrations est axée sur la correction des « causes profondes de la migration » (la pauvreté, le chômage, les écarts de développement entre nord et sud) afin d’en réguler les flux. Parmi les mesures préconisées figurent la facilitation de l’envoi de fonds vers les pays d’origine (transparence des coûts, développement de l’accès aux services financiers), l’encouragement du rôle des diasporas implantées dans les États membres (aider les pays en développement à identifier leur diaspora et à établir des liens), le renforcement de la migration circulaire et la facilitation du retour, une meilleure gestion des migrations de personnes hautement qualifiées afin de limiter la « fuite des cerveaux ». Cette étude traite des pays arabes du sud et de l’est de la Méditerranée (SEM). Elle met en question les représentations, contenues dans les politiques migratoires de l’UE, de la migration comme facteur purement économique, mais aussi des migrants comme agents d’un développement à grande échelle dans leurs pays d’origine. Le cadre théorique de l’économie politique et les approches néo-institutionnelles des migrations, utilisés ici, permettent de dégager les enjeux et la portée du lien entre migration et développement sur le terrain arabe. L’étude ‘re-politise’ ces deux processus. Elle met en relief la dimension structurelle des facteurs déclenchant l’émigration et entravant les processus de développement : les caractéristiques du marché du travail, les politiques de libéralisation des économies et les « blocages » sociopolitiques (inégalités hommes-femmes, clientélisme et corruption, obstacles à l’expression publique). En outre, l’analyse des politiques migratoires menées dans les pays du SEM montre que ces mesures répondent aux enjeux politiques et démographiques particuliers aux divers contextes nationaux de la région. Elles permettent aux régimes en place de contrôler l’opposition politique, le renouvellement des élites socioculturelles et les conséquences de la contraction des opportunités économiques, due à la corruption et au clientélisme. Les politiques migratoires participent également d’une restructuration des relations États-sociétés-expatriés autour d’une participation économique (étroitement contrôlée) et d’une solidarité socioculturelle, mais excluant toute participation politique. L’étude conclut donc que des réformes des contextes sociaux et politiques dans les pays du SEM seraient plus à même d’agir sur les flux migratoires que les réformes néolibérales. Le déclenchement des révoltes arabes en décembre 2010 confirme d’ailleurs l’urgence de ces réformes politiques.
Year 2011
Taxonomy View Taxonomy Associations
32795 Report

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